The demands of isokinetic assessment on the cardiovascular system should also be considered. An isokinetic dynamometer allows to assess muscle function with an accommodating resistance, at a constant angular velocity, thereby enabling maximum force production throughout a prescribed range of motion rom 2, 3. Muscle strength imbalance can be an important factor in hamstrings muscle strain. Muscle contraction types eccentric, concentric, isotonic. This method allows the measurement of the muscular forces in dynamic conditions and provides. Muscle strength variations of knee joint muscles in elite. The experimental procedure and measurement setup for the knee joint were as follows. Strength, power, powerendurance, and time to maximum tension were measured for the quadriceps and hamstring muscle groups for both lower extremities of each athlete. A muscular strength imbalancewhether caused by weak hamstrings or by strong quadricepsthereby hinders stabilization of the knee joint, requiring. Isokinetic exercise in rehabilitation sciencedirect.
Functional hamstringtoquadriceps hq strength ratio that reflects imbalance in thigh muscle strength is one of the etiologic risk factors for sports injuries. Q comparisons are used to assess and identify athletes with a risk of injury and to assess a players readiness to return to competition after a knee injury 2, 16, 17. European academy of rehabilitation medicine award 2002 for a work titled. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to stablished for knee joint muscle function of the knee joint in high level male volleyball athletes through the isokinetic dynamometry, and to assess the differences on muscles performance of such joint and on the training volume between the under 19under 21 and under 21 categories. Sep 24, 2018 based on muscle strength measurements, peak torque during maximal isokinetic contraction has been considered a representative indicator of muscle strength of the hamstring and quadriceps muscles kannus, 1994. Antagonist muscle coactivation during isokinetic knee extension. The assessment of strength and strength balance about the knee has been used. This was a descriptive study assessing the isokinetic hamstring and quadriceps muscle strength and endurance in 28 elite, male, south african football. The resulting values were utilized to see if a difference of 10 per cent or more between the right and left extremities or between the mean and actual hamstringtoquadriceps ratio of the individual extremity would result in more knee injuries. Ligament sprains are the most common injury on children68 and. Isokinetic dynamometry is considered a valid instrument for assessing muscle strength, and it is often used as a reference standard for other strength assessments. Isokinetic contraction is the muscular contraction that accompanies constant velocity limb movements around a joint.
Checking for direct pdf access through ovid abstract one hundred and seventytwo randomly selected highschool football players underwent preseason isokinetic muscle testing to determine if there was any relationship between an imbalance in thigh muscle function and the occurrence of knee injuries. Previous studies have proposed that thigh muscle imbalance is a critical risk factor for the athletic noncontact knee injuries. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine and compare the level of muscle strength, the conventional and two functional h. Isokinetic assessment of knee extensor and flexor muscle is currently used in elite athletes for preseason evaluation with the aim of detecting muscular imbalance and preventing orthopedic or. Assessment of a patient experiencing pain in the knee joint may very well reveal falsepositive deficits in strength of either the quadriceps or hamstring muscle groups. Isokinetic knee joint evaluation in track and field events. These consist of the such as single point peak moment thorstensson et al. Alternative methods of determining hamstringstoquadriceps. Isokinetic muscle evaluation of the knee joint in athletes of. Isokinetic exercise, eccentric contraction, doms, tendinosis, hamstring injury, muscle imbalance, soccer, injury prevention. The aim of this study was to evaluate the serial change of isokinetic muscle strength of the knees before and after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction aclr in physically active males and to estimate the time of return to full physical fitness. Isokinetic identification of knee joint torques before and. Pdf selected isokinetic tests in knee injury prevetion.
Isokinetic hamstring and quadriceps muscle strength. Isokinetic evaluation of knee extensorflexor muscle. Muscular strength, functional performances and injury risk. Comparative study on isokinetic capacity of knee and ankle joints by functional injury kyoungkyu jeon. Rapid hamstringsquadriceps strength capacity in professional. After the coremuscle training, the peak torque of the knee flexors at 60s p. Benign joint hypermobility syndrome bjhs is a syndrome with musculoskeletal pain originating from the increased laxity of the joints and the ligaments. Intrinsic risk factors of noncontact quadriceps and. Isoki netic muscle imbalance and knee joint injuries. The study was to compare the isokinetic strength of knee extensorflexor muscles of bjhs patients with healthy controls. The internal burkett tested 30 male track and field athletes. Peak torque values of the knee extensor and flexor muscles of. Selected isokinetic tests in knee injury prevention core. Q ratio provides a quantitative measurement of torque from agonist and antagonist muscle contraction surrounding the knee joint.
Fundamental and clinical investigation of the isokinetic eccentric exercise. In addition, the knee joint should be free from swelling, inflammation, and pain. Pdf hamstring to quadriceps strength ratio and noncontact leg. Isokinetic muscle evaluation of the knee joint in athletes. Coremuscle training and neuromuscular control of the.
Here we explain isotonic, isometric, isokinetic, concentric and eccentric muscle contractions. To ascertain whether detailed isokinetic knee muscle testing reflects the results of other functional measurements in footballers and to look for any correlations between quadriceps tendon thickness and knee strength. Isokinetic assessment of muscle imbalances and bilateral. Isokinetic moment ratios of the hamstrings h and quadriceps q muscle groups, and their implication in muscle imbalance, have been investigated for more than three decades.
Original article comparative study on isokinetic capacity of. Qcon has traditionally been used to describe the potential for knee joint destabilization. Hamstring muscle activation aids in stabilization of the knee joint. Peak torque values of the knee extensor and flexor muscles. Objectives to identify the intrinsic risk factors of noncontact strains in the hamstrings and quadriceps muscles of professional soccer players via a cohort prospective design. The aim of the present study was to quantify the amount of antagonist coactivation and the resultant moment of force generated by the hamstring muscles during maximal quadriceps contraction in slow isokinetic knee extension.
The subject was seated on the measurement chair, and the knee positions were adjusted using a tabletube crossclamp. Knee joint, muscle imbalance, isokinetic training, isotonic training introduction in isokinetic testing the term of asymmetry does not refer only to unequal bilateral torque values, but also to the balance between the torque ratios of agonistic and antagonistic ipsilateral muscle groups. Most studies of muscle strength related to the acl injury have used the peak. Nov 28, 2007 benign joint hypermobility syndrome bjhs is a syndrome with musculoskeletal pain originating from the increased laxity of the joints and the ligaments.
This type puts a lot of strain through the muscle and is commonly involved in muscle injuries. Open chain isokinetic assessment and exercise of the knee. Isokinetic muscle imbalance and knee joint injuries. This method allows the measurement of the muscular. Functional strength training effects on knee flexors and. Although track and field is one of the most prevalent sports and people at different ages are engaged in several events, the isokinetic strength and strength balance of track and field. Antagonist muscle coactivation during isokinetic knee. Isokinetic muscle imbalance and kneejoint injuries. Isokinetic strength profile of elite female handball. The relationship between previous lower extremity injury, body weight and bilateral eccentric hamstring strength imbalance in young soccer players.
Isokinetic muscle function, basketball, the torque ratio. Evects of eccentric strength training on biceps femoris. Another reason for hamstring injuries to occur is a lack of xexibility of the hamstring muscle worrell et al. Isokinetic performance of knee extensor and flexor. Checking for direct pdf access through ovid abstract one hundred and seventytwo randomly selected highschool football players underwent preseason isokinetic muscletesting to determine if there was any relationship between an imbalance in thighmuscle function and the occurrence of knee injuries. Forty patients diagnosed as having bjhs with brighton criteria and 45 years of age, height and weightmatched healthy. Shortterm isokinetic training versus isotonic training. We evaluated functional capacity by the isokinetic muscle strength test on the knee joint and stability of the acl by the laxity test. Qcon has traditionally been used to describe the potential for kneejoint destabilization. The comparison of lower extremity isokinetic strength in. Isokinetic and isometric testing of the knee musculature in patients with rheuma toid arthritis with mild knee involvement. For that reason muscles and ankles of footballers must be able to absorb these forces.
Maximal isokinetic and isometric muscle strength of major muscle groups related to age. Original article comparative study on isokinetic capacity. The comparison of lower extremity isokinetic strength in volleyball. Behcets disease bd is an idiopathic, multisystemic. Isokinetic evaluation of knee extensorflexor muscle strength. Mechanical knee joint injuries are primarily associated with meniscal. Mechanical knee joint injuries are primarily associated with meniscal lesions, and knee pain and mechanical disorders are easily overlooked 2. Restoring a normal strength profile decreases the muscle injury incidence.
Developments in the use of the hamstringquadriceps ratio for. Based on muscle strength measurements, peak torque during maximal isokinetic contraction has been considered a representative indicator of muscle strength of the hamstring and quadriceps muscles kannus, 1994. Montenegrin journal of sports science and medicine, 7 2, 2328. Strength imbalances in the knee joint have been reported through isokinetic testing in football players, volleyball players, and female softball players. Article pdf available in isokinetics and exercise science 191. Comprehensive isokinetic knee measurements and quadriceps. Isokinetics and exercise science 19 2011 16 1 ios press. However, there is a little consensus among prospective studies with regard to the correlation between isokinetic hamstring to quadriceps strength ratio hqr and the noncontact knee injury rates. The isokinetic strength profile of quadriceps and hamstrings in elite volleyball players. There are few studies in the literature investigating the relationship between static stretching and injury risk characteristics. Recurring disorders arising from diminished rom and muscle strength are reportedly caused by altered muscular reflexes of the tissues surrounding the knee joint due to early trauma or chronic damage and. Pdf only abstract one hundred and seventytwo randomly selected highschool football players underwent preseason isokinetic muscletesting to determine if there was any relationship between an imbalance in thighmuscle function and the occurrence of knee injuries. Some of the causes of injuries of knees of footballers can be mechanical and functional instability of knee joint, insufficient muscle strength and endurance and. Isokinetic assessment of imbalances has provided valid data to predict injury and assess hamstring injury treatment and prevention programs in soccer players.
However, in the control group, we observed no change in isokinetic muscle strength between pretraining and posttraining. Nov 25, 2012 isokinetic contraction is the muscular contraction that accompanies constant velocity limb movements around a joint. Twentytwo female volleyball athletes were involved into the study. Beyond isokinetic devices availability, protocol and. The outcomes showed that isokinetic intervention gives rise to the preseason detection of strength imbalances, a factor that increases the risk of hamstring injury. Physical therapists and occupational therapists use isokinetic machines to help people recover from a stroke, an injury, or a medical procedure. Isokinetic muscle training, physiotherapy, rehabilitation, anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, biodex dynamometer introduction anterior cruciate ligament acl injuries are not uncommon in active individuals, and can result in functional impairment and eventual degen eration of the knee joint.
Developments in the use of the hamstringquadriceps ratio. Characteristics of the isokinetic performance of patients. So its essential the evaluation of these imbalances in handball, basketball, soccer and volleyball athletes. The involvement of the knee joint in bd is wellisokinetic evaluation of knee extensorflexor muscle strength in behcets patients durmus b 1, emre s 2, sahin n 3, karincaoglu y 4, dogan e 5, baysal o 6, ersoy y 7, altay z 7 acta reumatol port. The study was to determine whether a correlation exists between knee joint isokinetic muscle strength, risk of injury, balance and jump height in female volleyball athletes. Pdf previous studies have proposed that thigh muscle imbalance is a critical. Coremuscle training and neuromuscular control of the lower. Regarding the ratio flexorextensor ratio analysis, the results of this study ranged between 50% and 64% for both limbs these values are within normal range of 5080% for the knee joint according to literature. Knee joint, muscle imbalance, isokinetic training, isotonic training. Brown3 abstract the hamstringstoquadriceps muscle strength ratio calculated by peak torque has been used as an important tool. Muscle imbalance around a joint or body segment can lead to the lack of proper control over body movement. However, the asymmetrical character of some modalities makes the bilateral comparison of. Original article the early effects of isokinetic muscle. Some prospective studies have also highlighted that a preseason assessment of isokinetic muscle function is able to identify strength variables as predictors of hamstring muscle strain, especially in sports where there is a high risk of muscle injury croisier et al.
The relationship between previous lower extremity injury. Intrarater reliability of the humac norm isokinetic. Grace tg, sweetser er, nelson ma, ydens lr, skipper bj. The velocity of movement is maintained constant by a special dynamometer. The conventional concentric hq ratio with its normative value of 0.
Strength imbalances and prevention of hamstring injury in. Depending on the severity, acl injuries were divided into noninvolved nin and involved in sides. The relationship between balance, knee muscle strength, jump height and risk of injury has not been clearly stated in female volleyball athletes. Many different kind of techniques have conventionally been used for describing knee joint and thigh muscle function in clinical and scientific research portes et al, 2007. A hamstringsquadriceps hq strength ratio based on concentric peak torque values hcon.
Extension and flexion torques were measured for the injured and healthy limbs at two angular velocities approximately 1. Q ratio is often used as a rehabilitative goal due to the importance of the flexorextensor strength balance in overall knee stabilization. Since isokinetic equipment was first designed in the late 1960s, many investigations have focused on the agonistantagonist relationships, leftright imbalances and so on, in order to present normative data for the assessment of musculoskeletal injuries. Isokinetic assessment can be used to measure torque values at several joints in the body. This assessment typically involves comparing the involved joint with the uninvolved joint. One hundred and seventytwo randomly selected highschool football players underwent preseason isokinetic muscletesting to determine if there was any relationship between an imbalance in thighmuscle function. Forty patients diagnosed as having bjhs with brighton criteria and 45 years of age. Future longitudinal investigations are needed in order to recommend any of the alternative methods of determining hamstringstoquadriceps ratios as sensitive clinical tools for predicting injury risk and monitoring knee joint. The resistance of the dynamometer is equal to the muscular forces applied throughout the range of movement. Acute effects of static stretching on peak and endrange. One hundred and seventytwo randomly selected highschool football players underwent preseason isokinetic muscletesting to determine if there was any relationship between an imbalance in thighmuscle function and the occurrence of knee injuries. Comparative study on isokinetic capacity of knee and ankle. Isokinetic exercises are often used for rehabilitation and recovery since its a controlled form of exercise. Review article open access alternative methods of determining hamstringstoquadriceps ratios.
Isokinetic anglespecific moments and ratios characterizing. The results of this study indicate that it would be prudent for clinicians involved with gymnasts to test for knee strength imbalance and to prescribe exercises to correct it when necessary. Original article a study of isokinetic strength and laxity. Ultrasonographic evaluation of the quadriceps tendon hitachi eub405, isokinetic knee testing biodex system 3, and sprint measurements. The relationship between isokinetic knee flexion and. Isokinetic performance of knee extensors and flexor muscles in. Furthermore, the isokinetic principle has been applied in rehabilitation to minimise. Methods a total of 100 professional soccer players aged 19. The conventional concentric hq ratio with its normative. Along with an increase in muscle strength, eccentric resistance training induces structural changes, such as muscle hypertrophy and an increase in fascicle pennation angle pa aagaard et al. Muscle contraction during exercise is divided into three categories depending on how the muscle contacts and whether it is lengthening or shortening. The imbalance of muscle strength indicators is harmful for elite sport and, in case of significant asymmetries, it increases the probability of muscular injuries or the deterioration of the athletic performance. The aim of this study was to verify the existence of.
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